نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق.واحد لاهیجان.دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی .لاهیجان.ایران
2 استادیار گروه حقوق، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The confiscation of spies' property is an important criminal law mechanism for combating offenses against national security, particularly during wartime and the post-war period. In addition to its punitive function, confiscation may serve preventive purposes by depriving offenders of illicit economic benefits, reinforcing social order, and protecting public interests. However, its application raises important legal concerns regarding property rights, proportionality, the personal nature of criminal sanctions, the rights of third parties, and due process. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, this study examines the legal foundations, objectives, and implications of confiscating spies' property in promoting social order during wartime and the post-war period. The study analyzes Iran's legal framework and considers selected comparative legal approaches and relevant international legal instruments. The findings indicate that confiscation can contribute to national security and social order only when applied within a clear legal framework and limited to property directly connected with the offense. Effective judicial oversight, respect for legitimate property rights, and protection of innocent third parties are also essential requirements. Furthermore, extending confiscation measures into the post-war period without demonstrating legal necessity and public interest may undermine criminal justice principles and fundamental rights. Accordingly, the study concludes that a balanced legal approach reconciling national security, social order, and property rights provides the most legitimate and effective basis for applying confiscation measures during both wartime and the post-war period
کلیدواژهها [English]
)